breed [ nuclei nucleus ]
breed [ electrons electron ]
breed [ electronLs electronL ]
breed [ electronRs electronR ]

breed [ protons proton ]

breed [ neutrons neutron ]
globals [distnaceab  AtomL_size AtomR_size ElectronegativityL ElectronegativityR ]


;electrons-own 

to electorn_attributes
set color black
set shape "circle"
    set size 1
set heading random 360

end


;protons-own

to  proton_attributes
set color brown
set shape "circle"
    set size 1.3
set heading random 360  
  
    
end


;setup

to setup
  clear-all
  ask patches [ set pcolor  87 ]
  
  
create-turtles 2
ask turtles [set ycor 0 ] 
ask turtles [ set shape "circle 22" ]
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;setup AtomL ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

ask turtle 0 
[  

set label "AtomL"

set AtomL_size  15 - 0.2 * ProtonsL + AtomL_ValE * 3


set size AtomL_size

set xcor min-pxcor + AtomL_size / 1.5

set  color  129 - AtomL_ValE 

set ElectronegativityL  AtomL_ValE * 4 / 7
 
set heading 90



   ] 


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;setup AtomR ::::::::::::::::::::::::::

ask turtle 1  
[ 
 
set label "AtomR"
 
set heading -90   

set AtomR_size  20 - 0.2 * ProtonsR  + ( 8 - AtomL_ValE ) * 3
  
set size AtomR_size  

  
set xcor max-pxcor - AtomR_size / 1.5
    
 
set color  129 - ( 8 - AtomL_ValE ) 

set ElectronegativityR ( 8 - AtomL_ValE ) * 4 / 7
 


 
]
 

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;setup valence electrons: on Left atom and on Right atom  ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
  
 
create-electronLs  AtomL_ValE  
[
 electorn_attributes
 

setxy  [ xcor ]  of one-of turtles with [ label = "AtomL" ]  [ ycor ]  of one-of  turtles with [ label = "AtomL" ]

fd AtomL_size / 2

set heading   [ heading ] of one-of turtles with [ label = "AtomL" ]



]
 


create-electronRs  ( 8 - AtomL_ValE  )
[

electorn_attributes
 

setxy   [ xcor ] of one-of turtles with [ label = "AtomR" ]  [ ycor ] of one-of turtles with [ label = "AtomR" ]

fd AtomR_size / 2

set heading  [ heading ]  of one-of turtles with [ label = "AtomR" ]


]
 

 
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;setup protons
  
 
create-protons  ProtonsL  
[
 proton_attributes
 


setxy item 0 [ xcor ] of turtles with [ label = "AtomL" ] item 0 [ ycor ] of turtles with [ label = "AtomL" ]
set  heading random 360
fd  size / 2


set heading item 0 [ heading ] of turtles with [ label = "AtomL" ]



]
 
create-protons  ProtonsR  
[
 proton_attributes
 


setxy item 0 [ xcor ] of turtles with [ label = "AtomR" ] item 0 [ ycor ] of turtles with [ label = "AtomR" ]

set color color + random-float 2
set  heading random 360
fd  size / 2

set heading item 0 [ heading ] of turtles with [ label = "AtomR" ]



]
 



ask turtle 0 [ set distnaceab distance  turtle 1 ]
 reset-ticks
display

end 

  

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; move electrons ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

to moving-e [ electron_id ]
 let AtomR one-of turtles with [ label = "AtomR" ]
 let distance_toAtom 0
 
 ask electron_id [ 

 face AtomR
   
set distance_toAtom distance  AtomR - AtomR_size / 2

 ]
 
; move all electrons
foreach n-values 20 [?]
[
  
 ask electron_id [fd distance_toAtom / 20]
 display

   
]

 ask electron_id [ set heading  [ heading ] of AtomR  
 set breed electronRs]
 
end
 

; atoms meet
to go
ask turtles 
    
[
  
forward 0.5
]
    
 if ( [ xcor ] of turtle 1  - [  xcor ] of turtle 0 < ( AtomL_size / 1.5  + AtomR_size / 1.5 ) )  [ ask electronLs [moving-e  electronl who] ] 
 
 ask turtle 0 [ set distnaceab distance  turtle 1 ]
 
 if ( [ xcor ] of turtle 1  - [  xcor ] of turtle 0 < ( AtomL_size / 2  + AtomR_size / 2  ) )  [ stop ] 
   
   
 tick  
   
end
 


; F (between q1 and q2) = - (q1 * q2) / r^2

; F (between every e and the two nucleus 1 and 2 ) = -q1e/r1e^2 - q2e/r2e^2

; F = - qL * eL / (eL to AtomR) -  qR * eR / (eR to AtomL)

; qL = ProtonsL
; eL = AtomL_ValE
; r1e = distance eL - xcor of turtle 1

; qR = ProtonsR
; eR = AtomR_ValE
; r2e = distance eR - xcor of turtle 0

















 
@#$#@#$#@
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clear-all
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Setup Atoms
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TEXTBOX
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Set number of protons to both atoms.\nSet number of electrons to AtomL.\nClick Setup Atoms. Notice the changes in atom radius.\nClick Go.
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MONITOR
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@#$#@#$#@
## WHAT IS IT?

The model deals with atoms properties and the chemical bond. 
There are two generic atoms for which user can set number of protons and valence electrons.
The model displays the affect of valence electrons on atom's size and its electronegativity. When the model runs it displays a schematic description of the way an ionic bond is created.


## HOW IT WORKS

Setting valence electrons of AtomL (the left atom) defines AtomR's valence electrons in a way that both are sum to total of 8 valence electrons.
Setting number of valence electrons affect electronegativity and atom's size:
When numer of electrons increases - atom's size increases and electronegativity decreases.
The electronegativity value is color coded  - the atom's circle changes from light purple to dark.
When run - the atoms move toward each other and from a certain distance between them, the electrons move from the atom with the lower electronegativity to the second atom.

## HOW TO USE IT

Set number of protons for each atom.
Set number of electrons for AtomL.
Click button Atoms Setup and Run the model.

## THINGS TO NOTICE

Change number of electrons and or protons to see the effect on size and electronegativity. Notice the color of the circle around the protons, it displays the power of the electronegativity.

## THINGS TO TRY

Change number of electrons and number of protons to see how they affect electronegativity.

## EXTENDING THE MODEL

Currently the model doesn't run according the correct scientific model so first step is to make the atoms' movement run according Coulomb's law.
Remove the dependency between the atoms.
Extend to covalent bond.
Add sound to reflect the attraction between the particles.

## NETLOGO FEATURES

In future, sound will be related to atoms' movement and atrraction.


## CREDITS AND REFERENCES

This model was developed by Asnat Zohar and Seena Omar with the geart support of Eyal Ofeck, as part of a graduate course at Haifa university: "Thinking and learning with computational models" (2013), mentored by Sharona T. Levy.
@#$#@#$#@
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