Bifurcation diagram for iterated sin_f

1 collaborator

WHAT IS IT?

NB: For better model performance/visualization it is recommended to download the program and run it on your PC, because on the server it is very slow.

This model is an example of the bifurcation diagram of the iterated function f(x) = r * sin ( π * x / 2 ).

The bifurcation parameter r is shown on the horizontal axis of the plot generated in NetLogo World View Window and the vertical axis shows the set of values of the iterated logistic function.

The bifurcation diagram shows the forking of the periods of stable orbits from 1 to 2 to 4 to 8 etc. Each of these bifurcation points is a period-doubling bifurcation. The ratio of the lengths of successive intervals between values of r for which bifurcation occurs converges to the first Feigenbaum’s constant.

In this model the initial condition (X0) is 0.5 and starting r-parameter-value is 30.

HOW IT WORKS

Every time-step (tick) an iteration is performed and as a result a point is generated (i.e. a green color turtle is created) and it is placed/plotted on the plane (where Y-coordinates are obtained as a result of logistic function iterations and X-coordinates represent every tick r-increments of 0.005, with every new r-value participating in the next-step iteration by definition).

After the diagram is created the first Feigenbaum's constant (δ), which expresses the limit of the ratio of distances between consecutive bifurcations can be calculated. The value of Feigenbaum's constant converges to 4.669201609...

HOW TO USE IT

Press the buttons: (1) Setup: creates basic conditions for the model to run (i.e. erases data from previous runs, generates X and Y axes, etc.)

(2) Go: starts iterations and generation of new points (turtles) in accordance with numeric values as a result of iterations.

(3) Mark bifurcations: this button can be activated only after iterations are completed (in this model after 16900 ticks/iterations). Pressing the button will generate red points (i.e. red color turtles) for the first several bifurcations.

(4) Mark periodic window: this button can also be activated only after iterations are completed. It will point on a well visible periodic window, where chaotic behavior of the system 'suddenly' become 'non-chaotic'.

(5) Calculate 1st Feigenbaum's constant: Pressing this button after iterations ended, will highlight (by vertical white color lines) the regions of bifurcation and calculate (δ) based on x-coordinates of the turtles located in the respective 'bifurcation points'. The distances between such points are marked by L0, L1, L2, etc.

(6) The bottom reporter shows the calculated value of 1st Feigenbaum's constant.

Pressing the buttons 3, 4, 5 before the end of iterations (i.e. before 16900 ticks) will cause no particular changes to the model. The same is valid for the reporter - it will show "N/A" message.

THINGS TO NOTICE

System behavior greatly depends on r value:

The starting value for r-parameter in this model is 30. Respectively, first points in the diagram will have Y-coordinates = 0. With the increase in r-parameter points will get Y-coordinates above '0' with the resulting line leaving '0' y-coordinates and the first bifurcation appearing just after r=90, followed by a period-doubling cascade:

with r beyond 95: period 4 oscillations until r=98, when the doubling cascade continues with period 8 oscillations, etc.
an r-value of approximately 99 is the beginning of chaos
with r between 107.5 and 108.5 we can see a periodic window

During the model run one can observe the result of iterations in time (by ticks): new turtles/points being created and plotted.

Feighenbaum's constant is calculated as the ratio of distances between consecutive bifurcations on diagram: on Li / Li+1. In this model it is calculated as the ratio between x-coordinates of turtles located in the respective specific regions of the bifurcation diagram (i.e. the transition between period 4 and period 8). The calculated and reported value is an approximate.

EXTENDING THE MODEL

For a more precise value of the Feigenbaum's constant a better tuned selection of turtles/points which coordinates are used for calculation would be desirable. Another extension would be using for calculation the mean of x-coordinates of several turtles in the same regions of the bifurcation diagram (i.e. using the mean instead of a single turtle(s) coordinates).

RELATED MODELS

This is one of the models in a suit of models created to visualize some key concepts of Chaos Theory and Dynamical Systems. Most of the models are available on http://modelingcommons.org/account/models/2495

Of a special interest can be the models describing: * Iterated function f(x) = r * sin ( pi * x / 2 ) with a final state-diagram and * Bifurcation diagram for the logistic map

More information can be obtained by comparing the behavior of the same iterated function f(x) = r * sin ( pi * x / 2 ) for different r-values, as described by the respective model and the actual bifurcation diagram model.

CREDITS AND REFERENCES

This simple abstract model was developed by Victor Iapascurta, MD. At time of development he was in the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care at University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Chisinau, Moldova / ICU at City Emergency Hospital in Chisinau. Please email any questions or comments to viapascurta@yahoo.com

The model was created in NetLogo 6.0.1, Wilensky, U. (1999). NetLogo. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/. Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.

This model was inspired by Introduction to Dynamical Systems and Chaos (Fall, 2017) MOOC by David Feldman @ Complexity Explorer (https://www.complexityexplorer.org/courses).

Comments and Questions

Please start the discussion about this model! (You'll first need to log in.)

Click to Run Model

 globals [        ;; setting the globals for the model functioning
  mylist-x
  mylist-r
  num-iterations
  axis
  F-const?
 ]

breed [ m-turtles m-turtle ]    ;; these are turtles to be ploted on
                                ;; on bifurcation diagram
patches-own [             ;; properties of the patches used
  alpha                   ;; to set up X and Y axes
  omega
]

to setup
  ca
  set mylist-x  list (0) (0.5)     ;; setting the list for turtles x-coordinates
  set mylist-r list  (0) (30)      ;; setting the list for turtles y-coordinates
  set num-iterations 16900         ;; setting the number of iterations
  create-axis                      ;; creating coordinates axes
  setup-coordinates                ;; and their components
  reset-ticks
end 

to create-axis
  ask patches with [ pxcor = 0 ] [ set pcolor white ]
  ask patches with [ pycor = 0 ] [ set pcolor white ]
end 

to setup-coordinates
  ask patch 5 5
  [ set plabel "0"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch 10 345
  [ set plabel "1.0"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch -10 200
  [ set plabel "f (x)"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch 150 -14
  [ set plabel "r-parameter"
    set plabel-color white ]

  ask patch -19 -5
  [ set plabel "30"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch 7 -5
  [ set plabel "40"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch 35 -5
  [ set plabel "50"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch 65 -5
  [ set plabel "60"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch 100 -5
  [ set plabel "70"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch 135 -5
  [ set plabel "80"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch 170 -5
  [ set plabel "90"
    set plabel-color white ]

  ask patch 205 -5
  [ set plabel "100"
    set plabel-color white ]

   ask patch 232 -5
  [ set plabel "110"
    set plabel-color white ]

  ask patch 234 5
  [ set plabel "114"
    set plabel-color red ]
end 

to go                       ;; procedure of iteration

  set mylist-x lput result mylist-x             ;; generation of the list with
  repeat 20 [set mylist-x lput result mylist-x] ;; x-coordinates of turtles

  set mylist-r lput result-r mylist-r     ;; generation of the list with
                                          ;; x-coordinates of turtles
  if ticks >= Num-iterations [ stop ]    ;; condition for stopping the model after
                                         ;; the preset number of iterations
    create-m-turtles 1 [             ;; creating a turtle every iteration/tick
    set color green                  ;; and ploting it according to the coordinates
    set shape "circle"               ;; as values in the respective lists
    set size 0.5
    set xcor (last mylist-r) * 2
    set ycor (last mylist-x) * 3
   ]

  tick
end 

to-report result             ;; reports the result of iterations
   report  last mylist-r * sin( pi * last mylist-x / 2)
end 

to-report result-r             ;; reports the result of r-increments with every iteration/tick
  report last mylist-r + 0.005
end 

to mark                    ;; marking the bifurcations by creating red color turtles
                           ;; in respective zones
  if ticks >= 16900 [   ;; condition that makes respective button active only after
                        ;; iterations are completed
  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 166
     set ycor 223
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 192
     set ycor 283
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 198
     set ycor 268
   ]


  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 197
     set ycor 272
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 192
     set ycor 152
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 198
     set ycor 124
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 197
     set ycor 180
   ]

  crt 1 [
    set color red
    set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 196.88
     set ycor 294.58
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 197.99
     set ycor 293.4
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 197.94
     set ycor 277.31
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 197.12
     set ycor 127.85
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 198.04
     set ycor 131.96
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
    set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 197.96
     set ycor 296.84
   ]

  crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 198.07
     set ycor 168.56
   ]

    crt 1 [
     set color red
     set shape "circle"
     set size 2
     set xcor 198.11
     set ycor 189.32
   ]

  ]
end 

to mark-pw                          ;; marking a periodic window

  if ticks >= 16900 [
  ask patches with [ pxcor = 212 ]
  [set pcolor red]
  ask patches with [ pxcor = 222 ]
  [set pcolor red]
  ]
end 

to calculate-feigenbaum-constant     ;; procedure ref. to Feigenbaum's constant: ploting
                                     ;; vertical lines aligned to bifurcations and marking
                                     ;; the distance between consecutive period-doublings with "L"
  if ticks >= 16890 [
                              ;; condition that makes the procedure valid after the
    set F-const? true         ;; preset number of iterations

    ask patches with [ pxcor = 166 ]
  [set pcolor white]
    ask patches with [ pxcor = 192 ]
  [set pcolor  white]
    ask patches with [ pxcor = 197 ]
  [set pcolor  white]
    ask patches with [ pxcor = 199 ]
  [set pcolor  white]

   ask patch 116 10
  [ set plabel "L0"
    set plabel-color yellow
   ]

   ask patch 180 10
  [ set plabel "L1"
    set plabel-color yellow
   ]

   ask patch 205 10
  [ set plabel "L2/L3"
    set plabel-color yellow
   ]

   ask patch 130 300
   [ set plabel "Feigenbaum's constant = Li / Li+1"
    set plabel-color yellow
      ]
  ]
end 

to-report F-constant-1    ;; procedure for calculation of the 1st Feigenbaum's constant
  if F-const? = true      ;; based on x-coordinates of the turtles located in the
  [                       ;; 'bifurcations zones'
  report (([xcor] of turtle 13701) - ([xcor] of turtle 13215)) /
         (([xcor] of turtle 13806) - ([xcor] of turtle 13701))
  ]
end

There is only one version of this model, created almost 8 years ago by Victor Iapascurta.

Attached files

File	Type	Description	Last updated
Bifurcation diagram for iterated sin_f.png	preview	Preview for 'Bifurcation diagram for iterated sin_f'	almost 8 years ago, by Victor Iapascurta	Download

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